Node.js

This page will show you how to get started with OpenTelemetry in Node.js.

Prerequisites

Ensure that you have the following installed locally:

Example Application

The following example uses a basic Express application.

Dependencies

First, create an empty package.json:

npm init -f

Next, install Express dependencies.

npm install typescript \
  ts-node \
  @types/node \
  express \
  @types/express \
npm install express

Code

If you are using TypeScript, then run following command:

tsc --init

Create app.ts|js and add the following code to the file:

/*app.ts*/
import express, { Express } from "express";

const PORT: number = parseInt(process.env.PORT || "8080");
const app: Express = express();

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
  res.send("Hello World");
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Listening for requests on http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});
/*app.js*/
const express = require("express");

const PORT = parseInt(process.env.PORT || "8080");
const app = express();

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
  res.send("Hello World");
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`Listening for requests on http://localhost:${PORT}`);
});

Run the application with the following request and open http://localhost:8080 in your web browser to ensure it is working.

$ ts-node app.ts
Listening for requests on http://localhost:8080

$ node app.js
Listening for requests on http://localhost:8080

Instrumentation

The following shows how to install, initialize, and run an application instrumented with OpenTelemetry.

Dependencies

First, install the Node SDK and autoinstrumentations package.

The Node SDK lets you initialize OpenTelemetry with several configuration defaults that are correct for the majority of use cases.

The auto-instrumentations-node package installs instrumentation packages that will automatically create spans corresponding to code called in libraries. In this case, it provides instrumentation for Express, letting the example app automatically create spans for each incoming request.

npm install @opentelemetry/sdk-node \
  @opentelemetry/api \
  @opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node \
  @opentelemetry/sdk-metrics

To find all autoinstrumentation modules, you can look at the registry.

Setup

The instrumentation setup and configuration must be run before your application code. One tool commonly used for this task is the -r, --require module flag.

Create a file named instrumentation.ts|js, which will contain your instrumentation setup code.

/*instrumentation.ts*/
import { NodeSDK } from '@opentelemetry/sdk-node';
import { ConsoleSpanExporter } from '@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node';
import { getNodeAutoInstrumentations } from '@opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node';
import { PeriodicExportingMetricReader } from '@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics';

const sdk = new NodeSDK({
  traceExporter: new ConsoleSpanExporter(),
  metricReader: new PeriodicExportingMetricReader({
    exporter: new opentelemetry.metrics.ConsoleMetricExporter()
  }),
  instrumentations: [getNodeAutoInstrumentations()]
});

sdk
  .start()
/*instrumentation.js*/
// Require dependencies
const opentelemetry = require("@opentelemetry/sdk-node");
const { getNodeAutoInstrumentations } = require("@opentelemetry/auto-instrumentations-node");
const { PeriodicExportingMetricReader } = require('@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics');

const sdk = new opentelemetry.NodeSDK({
  traceExporter: new opentelemetry.tracing.ConsoleSpanExporter(),
  metricReader: new PeriodicExportingMetricReader({
    exporter: new opentelemetry.metrics.ConsoleMetricExporter()
  }),
  instrumentations: [getNodeAutoInstrumentations()]
});

sdk
  .start()

Run Application

Now you can run your application as you normally would, but you can use the --require flag to load the instrumentation before the application code.

$ ts-node --require ./instrumentation.ts app.ts
Listening for requests on http://localhost:8080

$ node --require ./instrumentation.js app.js
Listening for requests on http://localhost:8080

Open http://localhost:8080 in your web browser and reload the page a few times, after a while you should see the spans printed in the console by the ConsoleSpanExporter.

View example output
{
  "traceId": "3f1fe6256ea46d19ec3ca97b3409ad6d",
  "parentId": "f0b7b340dd6e08a7",
  "name": "middleware - query",
  "id": "41a27f331c7bfed3",
  "kind": 0,
  "timestamp": 1624982589722992,
  "duration": 417,
  "attributes": {
    "http.route": "/",
    "express.name": "query",
    "express.type": "middleware"
  },
  "status": { "code": 0 },
  "events": []
}
{
  "traceId": "3f1fe6256ea46d19ec3ca97b3409ad6d",
  "parentId": "f0b7b340dd6e08a7",
  "name": "middleware - expressInit",
  "id": "e0ed537a699f652a",
  "kind": 0,
  "timestamp": 1624982589725778,
  "duration": 673,
  "attributes": {
    "http.route": "/",
    "express.name": "expressInit",
    "express.type": "middleware"
  },
  "status": { code: 0 },
  "events": []
}
{
  "traceId": "3f1fe6256ea46d19ec3ca97b3409ad6d",
  "parentId": "f0b7b340dd6e08a7",
  "name": "request handler - /",
  "id": "8614a81e1847b7ef",
  "kind": 0,
  "timestamp": 1624982589726941,
  "duration": 21,
  "attributes": {
    "http.route": "/",
    "express.name": "/",
    "express.type": "request_handler"
  },
  "status": { code: 0 },
  "events": []
}
{
  "traceId": "3f1fe6256ea46d19ec3ca97b3409ad6d",
  "parentId": undefined,
  "name": "GET /",
  "id": "f0b7b340dd6e08a7",
  "kind": 1,
  "timestamp": 1624982589720260,
  "duration": 11380,
  "attributes": {
    "http.url": "http://localhost:8080/",
    "http.host": "localhost:8080",
    "net.host.name": "localhost",
    "http.method": "GET",
    "http.route": "",
    "http.target": "/",
    "http.user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.114 Safari/537.36",
    "http.flavor": "1.1",
    "net.transport": "ip_tcp",
    "net.host.ip": "::1",
    "net.host.port": 8080,
    "net.peer.ip": "::1",
    "net.peer.port": 61520,
    "http.status_code": 304,
    "http.status_text": "NOT MODIFIED"
  },
  "status": { "code": 1 },
  "events": []
}
{
  descriptor: {
    name: 'http.server.duration',
    type: 'HISTOGRAM',
    description: 'measures the duration of the inbound HTTP requests',
    unit: 'ms',
    valueType: 1
  },
  dataPointType: 0,
  dataPoints: []
}
{
  descriptor: {
    name: 'http.client.duration',
    type: 'HISTOGRAM',
    description: 'measures the duration of the outbound HTTP requests',
    unit: 'ms',
    valueType: 1
  },
  dataPointType: 0,
  dataPoints: []
}
{
  descriptor: {
    name: 'db.client.connections.usage',
    type: 'UP_DOWN_COUNTER',
    description: 'The number of connections that are currently in the state referenced by the attribute "state".',
    unit: '{connections}',
    valueType: 1
  },
  dataPointType: 3,
  dataPoints: []
}

Next Steps

Enrich your instrumentation generated automatically with manual instrumentation of your own codebase. This gets you customized observability data.

You’ll also want to configure an appropriate exporter to export your telemetry data to one or more telemetry backends.

Troubleshooting

Did something go wrong? You can enable diagnostic logging to validate that OpenTelemetry is initialized correctly:

/*instrumentation.ts*/
import { diag, DiagConsoleLogger, DiagLogLevel } from '@opentelemetry/api';

// For troubleshooting, set the log level to DiagLogLevel.DEBUG
diag.setLogger(new DiagConsoleLogger(), DiagLogLevel.INFO);

// const sdk = new opentelemetry.NodeSDK({...

/*instrumentation.js*/
// Require dependencies
const { diag, DiagConsoleLogger, DiagLogLevel } = require('@opentelemetry/api');

// For troubleshooting, set the log level to DiagLogLevel.DEBUG
diag.setLogger(new DiagConsoleLogger(), DiagLogLevel.INFO);

// const sdk = new opentelemetry.NodeSDK({...
Last modified April 13, 2023: Install @opentelemetry/api when instrumenting app (#2599) (f93db48)